The presence or absence of a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) among submarine cable owners or with suppliers does not guarantee a problem-free operation — but it can significantly reduce risks. Think of it like owning a luxury home: installing a security system will not prevent every break-in but publicly announcing that you do not have one is an open invitation, even to the most amateur thief. 

2025 marked major legal and regulatory shifts in the submarine cable industry. This review examines new national policies, resilience initiatives, market concentration concerns, environmental obligations, and emerging contractual models that are reshaping global connectivity and governance.